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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast, you likely already know that different varieties of beans produce varying flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter taste profile and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary widely depending on the growing conditions and the processing methods used to make it.

The word "coffee" actually originates from the Arabic word for berry and organic coffee beans beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became stimulated after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are able to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many different methods of brewing. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is typically used to create an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of unroasted coffee beans wholesale and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more durable than the arabica and is able to be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

While it might seem contradictory it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag, it's likely that there's some Robusta in there as well.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs while maintaining the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you must select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean types. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other coffee bean types to give them a deeper, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from a number of sources, however it's best to bulk buy coffee beans from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a separate species but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants at medium roast coffee beans altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends made at home. They are also lighter on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta, but still have an unusual quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be an entirely different species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped as a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They are frequently used to give blends extra body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in warm, tropical climates as well as at higher altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor, choose an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of robusta and arabica beans.