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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're probably aware that different beans have distinct flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, tarter taste profile and are often utilized in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions under which it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized after eating the berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are in a position to thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique signature coffees that are well-suited for a wide range of methods of brewing. Blending can control the taste, aroma and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is typically used to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you see the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's a bit of robusta as well.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and maintain quality. To preserve the flavor integrity, you should choose the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean varieties. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are added to other coffee bean types to give them a deeper and more robust taste.

Liberica 500g coffee beans beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can grow at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. It is possible to purchase the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it's preferred to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality coffee beans of the beans. The ideal conditions for the coffee bean shop cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered a separate species but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30 feet coffee plants at medium altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both tart and fruity and makes them a popular choice in house blends. They have a more subtle aroma and higher caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta however they have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be distinct species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These Coffee beans types beans are shaped like a teardrop and have a dark, mysterious taste. They are typically used to give blends additional body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are well-known for their more sweetness. They thrive best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They have a little acidity. When roasted and brewed properly, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

Now that you know the four most common types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of Coffee Beans Unroasted beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor opt for an arabica or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.